Heraka is a religious reform movement derived from the ancestral practice known as Paupaise. It was taken up by the Zeme, among other Naga communities, during the period of British colonialism in Northeast India. From early descriptions of events in 1929and over the next 45 years, Heraka has been known by various names, for example, Kacha Naga Movement, Gaidinliu movement, Peresie (old practice), Kelumse (prayer practice) all representing a different point in the development of the movement which finally came to be known as Heraka in 1974.
Among the Heraka, there are two important figures who are seen as prophets, leaders and reformers. Haipau Jadonang (1905-31) and Rani Gaidinliu (1915-93) are from the Tamenglong district of Manipur and are both Rongmei Nagas. Due to their alleged threat to the British and their hatred of the Kukis, a neighbouring tribe in Manipur, Jadonang and Gaidinliu were accused of stirring up trouble. The British eventually hanged Jadonang in 1931 for opposing colonial rule and human sacrifice, while Gaidinliu escaped to North Cachar Hills. Although Jadonang is often viewed as initiating the reform, for the Heraka it is Gaidinliu who is held in more esteem. The British captured Gaidinliu in 1932 after which she spent 18 years in prison. During this time Jawaharlal Nehru heard of her exploits and named her ‘Ranee’ (queen). Therefore, Gaidinliu is also known as Rani Gaidinliu, and Ranima (queen mother).
Author
1st Semester, M.A
Department of Communication and Journalism
Gauhati University
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